HP0-S27: AIS Implementing HP BladeSystem Solutions Exam Cram Notes


*Below are some rough notes generated whilst perparing for the HP0-S27 exam.

Enclosures
HP BladeSystem c7000 (10U in size)
HP BladeSystem c3000 (6U in size)

List of HP Blades

Server Blades (Full height)
HP ProLiant BL620c
HP ProLiant BL685c (AMD)
HP ProLiant BL680c (G7 uses two full height slots)
HP Integrity BL860c i2
HP Integrity BL870c i2 (uses two full height slots)
HP Integrity BL890c i2 (uses four full height slots)

Server Blades (Half height)
HP ProLiant BL2x220c (two blades in 1 half height slot)
HP ProLiant BL280c
HP ProLiant BL460c
HP ProLiant BL465c (AMD)
HP ProLiant BL490c
HP ProLiant WS460c (Workstation blade)
D2200sb (Storage Blade)
SB1760c (Tape Blade)
SB3000c (Tape Blade)
X1800 Network Storage Blade
X3800 Network Storage Gateway Blade

Definitions
OA = Onboard Administrator

Some Interconnects
Ethernet: Virtual Connect FlexFabric Module
FC: Brocade 8GB SAN Switch
FC: Cisco MDS9124e
SAS: HP 3GB SAS Switch

c7000 & c3000 Enclosures Graphics

Fig. 1 HP BladeSystem c7000 Enclosure
Fig. 2 c7000 Fan Bay Numbering
Fig. 3 c7000 Half-height Server Blade Bay Numbering
Fig. 4 c7000 Full-height Server Blade Bay Numbering
Fig. 5 HP BladeSystem c3000 Enclosure
Fig. 6 c3000 Fan & Power Supply Bay Numbering
Fig. 7 c3000 Half-height Server Blade Bay Numbering
Fig. 8 c3000 Full-height Server Blade Bay Numbering

Racking

Enclosure cooling involves pulling cold air from the front and pushing hot air out the back.
Use Rack Stabilizer Kit to prevent a rack from falling over.
Physical requirements of a third fully-loaded c7000 enclosure in a rack include that the raised floor must be able to support the additional weight.

Hardware

Modular and flexible computer, network, and storage resources is a benefit specific to HP BladeSystem architecture.
A c3000 enclosure can support 4 interconnects.
A c3000 enclosure can have up to 6 fans (with two BL680c (full height) Server Blades installed in slots 1 and 2, the minimum required fans is 4.)
The BL860c supports Type 1 and Type 2 mezzanine cards.
A full-height blade server will require a PCI Express mezzanine pass-thru card to connect a storage blade (like the SB40c) or tape blade.
A c7000 enclosure, with 6 x BL680c Server Blades, max. no. of StorageWorks SB1760c Tape Blades = 2.
To use an MSA2000sa as additional storage for server blades requires: blades with P700 controller mezzanine cards, a HP StorageWorks 3Gb SAS BL Switch.
Components of the SB600c = SB40c and BL460c.
The xw2x220c Server Blade only supports non hot-plug drives.
Intel Xeon 5500 supports the "Turbo Boost" feature.
Online Spare Memory, and Mirrored Memory, are Advanced Memory Protection options supported on the BL460c Server Blade.
The BL2x220c is optimized for high-performance computing clusters.
The BL495c Blade Server is optimized for x86 virtualization.
The SB40c Storage Blade has a Smart Array P400 high-performance PCI Express (PCI-e) RAID controller with 40-bit 256MB cache (512MB optional).
The HP ProLiant xw2x220c blade includes 2 nodes per blade.
The HP Integrity BL870c server blade supports OpenVMS.
The BL680c G6 supports RAID 0, 1 on its internal drives.
The BL680c G7 supports RAID 0, 1, 5, 6, 1+0 on its internal drives.
The BL2x220c server blade needs a c7000 enclosure in order to work properly.
Operating systems supported by the BL2x220c server blade: Oracle Solaris, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, and Microsoft Windows Server 2008.
The D2200sb storage blade can implement mirroring of data across two datacenters over an iSCSI/TCP network.
AMD-based G7 server blades incorporate 8 and 12 core processors.

If using several half-height blades each with four-port NIC in mezzanine slot 2, to have full Ethernet connectivity on all NIC ports, bays 5,6,7,8 must additionally have Ethernet interconnects installed.

Fig. 9 & 10 c7000 Embedded and mezzanine mappings to interconnect bay.

Power

Power Management Settings on a c7000 enclosure: Not Redundant, AC Redundant, Power Supply Redundant.
Benefits provided by HP UPS units: Protection from power spikes, increased power efficiency, increased uptime.
Use the BladeSystem Power Sizing Tool to determine the power and cooling requirements for a proposed HP BladeSystem solution.
For N+1 redundancy with two power supplies, populate slots 1&4 or 2&5 or 3&6.
c7000 Enclosure: If Three Phase Power Modules are selected, a minimum of 3 Power Supply option kits are required. For full redundancy 6 Power Supply Option Kits are required.
Characteristics of HP Power Manager: provides detailed system logs and UPS diagnostics; and allows management using a serial and USB cable.
The c7000 enclosure DC Power Input Module (AH331A) is compatible with the HP 2250W 48VDC Hot Plug Power Supply Kit.
The HP Modular Cooling System G2 solution which can provide proper cooling to four c7000 blade enclosures, can support a 35kW total load of servers and blades.
Updating a c7000 enclosure to provide N+N AC redundant power mode, gives protection from a power line feed failure.
Only the c7000 enclosure supports the three-phase power feature.
To provide extra emergency power to a rackmount HP UPS, purchase an Extended Runtime Module (ERM).
Maximum number of Extended Runtime Modules (ERMs) that can be added to a R12000/3 UPS = 4.

Networking

HP BLc 4X QDR IB Switch for HP BladeSystem c-Class provides 16 uplink and 16 downlink ports, all capable of supporting 40Gbps bandwidth.
A HP Virtual Connect 8Gb 20-port Fibre Channel module, supports up to 4 uplinks.
Using a TCP/IP Offload Engine (TOE) capable NIC reduces CPU load.
Functionalities the HP 6120G/XG Blade switch supports include: communication within a VLAN using 802.1Q standard, Quality of Service (QoS) based on 802.1p standard, and Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) based on 802.1AB.
A server blade with integrated NC551i Dual Port FlexFabric 10Gb, and NC364m Quad Port 1GbE mezzanine, can use the interconnects: HP 6120G/SG blade switch, Ethernet Pass-Through Module, and HP 1/10Gb-F Virtual Connect Ethernet Module.
Layer 2 switches support: communication within a VLAN, Quality of Service (QoS), and VLAN tagging.
Network standards supported by HP Virtual Connect Ethernet, and HP Flex-10 technologies, include VLAN and Port Mirroring.
HP ProCurve 6120XG and HP 10GbE Pass-Thru Module are able to handle Converged Enhanced Ethernet Packets.

Virtual Connect

Virtual Connect Manager network setup wizard - shared uplink: enables multiple ports to be included to support port aggregation and link failover with a consistent set of VLAN tags; and identifies Virtual Connect Ethernet module uplinks that carry multiple networks over the same cable.
Virtual Connect Manager: assign "Domain Administrator" privilege to a user who will be responsible for importing enclosures and performing firmware updates.
If you assign a Virtual Connect profile to a server blade and the blade is moved to a different enclosure without Virtual Connect modules installed, the local MAC addresses are automatically returned to the original factory defaults.
The Virtual Connect Manager tool is used to define LAN and SAN networks in environments based on VC-Flex10 modules.
Use Virtual Connect Manager Server profile to configure a server blade in a Virtual Connect environment, for the WWN of the active path to connect to a LUN on a SAN.
The HP Virtual Connect FlexFabric 10Gb/24-port interconnect module supports the follwing industry standard networking technologies: 802.3aq 10Gb LRM Ethernet, 802.3ad Shared Uplink Sets using LACP, and 802.1Q VLAN including native VLAN and server side VLAN tag mapping.
Virtual Connect Manager is used to configure and manage a HP Virtual Connect 8Gb 24-Port Fibre Channel Module.
Virtual Connect Support Utility can be used to upgrade firmware on Virtual Connect FlexFabric modules.
With Virtual Connect and Virtual Connect FlexFabric stacking in a single Virtual Connect domain, any enclosure can be selected as the base enclosure.
vcmuser account is an internal OA account created and used by Virtual Connect Manager and cannot be deleted.
To import a c7000 enclosure to a new Virtual Connect domain, a login and password for the Onboard Administrator are required.
To manage a Fibre Channel Virtual Connect module requires an Ethernet Virtual Connect module installed.
To reduce recovery time if Virtual Connect configuration is lost, back up the domain.

Onboard Administrator

To correct a misconfigured IP address on your blade switch, use the CLI through the Onboard Administrator.
Onboard Adminstrator function: Device Power Sequence – can be used to ensure that storage devices will boot before servers.
Onboard Administrator function: Enclosure Bay IP Addressing – allows you to automatically assign an IP address for c-Class interconnects.
When testing Onboard Administrator failover to the standby module to test redundancy, if the standby module does not synchronize to the primary OA, could be that the OAs have different firmware revisions.
To reapply the Enclosure Bay IP Address (EBIPA) settings for an Onboard Administrator replacement, upload the configuration script containing the current settings for the enclosure.
When adding a redundant Onboard Administrator (OA) to a c7000 enclosure, if the OA modules have different firmware versions installed, the main status screen of the OA and the Insight Display will indicate an error.
If you reset the Onboard Administrator (OA) to factory defaults using the GUI, only the built-in Administrator password is kept (any applied advanced license key is not kept).
The Onboard Administrator tool can be used to configure N+1 power redundancy on the c7000 enclosure.
After update Onboard Administrator firmware, retry connection after waiting a minimum of 30 seconds.
Insight Display can be used to reboot an OA.
Connectors available on the HP BladeSystem OA include: RJ45 (Ethernet), DB9 (Serial), USB.
From the Onboard Administrator web-based console, you can easily view the complete firmware information for all components found in a c7000 enclosure.
To change configuration settings of interconnect modules in a c7000 enclosure, Operator is the minimum privilege level for the Onboard Administrator.
Use the Insight Display to determine the Service IP of the OA.

In HP BladeSystem Onboard Administrator:
i. Trusted Hosts is configured under Enclosure Settings > Network Access.
ii. To isolate management network so different administrative groups can only see and manage their own blades, use the Enclosure Settings > VLAN Configuration menu.
iii. To enable single sign-on access to the integrated remote console on a server blade, use the Device Bays menu.

Fig. 11 HP BladeSystem Onboard Administrator GUI

Installation and Configuration

Scripted deployments have more flexibility than imaged deployments.
When configuring the enclosure, Insight Display can show: location, power, and configuration errors.
HP Array Configuration Utility (ACU) is used to configure the HP BL460c internal storage for optimal performance.
Remote Service mode must be selected to allow an administrator to access the Array Configuration Utility from a web browser on a different machine.
The SANSurfer tool should be installed on a SAN management server to manage QLogic FC HBAs.
To assign an IP address to a GbE2c Ethernet Blade Switch: either use a BOOTP Server on an attached network, or configure the IP address manually using a serial connection.
The 'lanboot select' command on the Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) shell is used to boot an Integrity 860c Server Blade from the network / to an IgniteUX server.
To enable a server to boot from SAN on a QLogic Fibre Channel card, requires: enable Host Adapter BIOS, enable Selectable Boot, and select the Fibre Channel Device and LUN.
Best practice for a c7000 enclosure received from Factory Express, before mounting into a rack, is to remove pluggable components.

Steps to configure a BL460c G6 with a QLogic HBA to boot from SAN:
1: Press <CTRL-F> to enter Fast!Util.
2: Save and reboot.
3: Select a boot port name and LUN.

Before installing VMware ESXi; via the RBSU on an Intel-ProLiant Server Blade, set:
i. Enable No Execute Page Protection.
ii. Enable Intel Virtualization.

Steps for installing ESXi 4.0 on a BL685c G6 Server Blade using internal disks:
1: Launch the Integrated Remote Console from the Onboard Administrator.
2: Mount the installation ISO from the Virtual Media option.
3: Select the disk where ESXi will be installed.
4: Press F11 to confirm selections and start installation.

Firmware & Software Updates

An advantage of using HP Smart Update Manager (HP SUM) to update firmware on a HP BladeSystem enclosure is that it contains the logic to install updates in the correct order, and ensure all dependencies are met before deployment of a firmware update.
To update the HP StorageWorks SB40c firmware, use either: HP Smart Update Manager, or OA CLI.
Version Control information which can be found on the HP System Management Homepage, displays the available software inventory of the server on which it is installed.
The HP BladeSystem Firmware Deployment Tool includes the HP Smart Update Manager utility.
Use the Virtual Connect Support Utility to upgrade firmware on Virtual Connect modules in Offline mode.
The HP Smart Update Manager (HP SUM) Utility can be used to maintain HP StorageWorks SB40c Storage Blade firmware.
If you encounter problems that are the result of HP drivers being out of date and not working in conjunction with the OS and its newly applied patches, install and configure Version Control Repository Manager to prevent this from happening in the future.
Version Control Agent is used to view the current status of firmware and driver information on a ProLiant Server Blade.
Use the RBSU to select and boot a server to the redundant system ROM.
If when using the HP BladeSystem Firmware Deployment Tool (FDT) a firmware update fails, then the UID LED will be on solid.
To update Onboard Administrator (OA) firmware, use either the OA GUI, OA CLI, or insert USB key with the firmware into the OA and initiate the update process from Insight Display.
Tools to determine the BladeSystem Onboard Administrator (OA) firmware version: OA web-based console, OA CLI, and Insight Display.
To upgrade a c3000/c7000 enclosure using a USB key with approprate firmware, select the USB device using the Insight Display USB menu.

To modify agent settings in the Version Control Agent (VCA) requires:
i. the login account and password for VCA use.
ii. the computer name or IP address of the Version Control Repository Manager (VCRM).

HP Insight and SIM

To configure HP SIM to periodically compare the configuration of managed nodes:
1. Select server and click on Options > Data Collection...
2. Select "Append new data set" and create initial connection.
3. Create second data set.
4. Select the server and click on Reports-Snapshot comparison.
5. Select baseline and run report.

URL to access HP SIM via a browser https://<MachineName>:50000
Enhanced features in HP SIM 6.0 include: License Manager and reporting.
In HP SIM, the blue question mark means that the HP Version Control agent is not configured.
The HP Insight Diagnostic Utility Offline Edition allows system engineers to verify and perform full tests on server subsystems.
Version Control Agent (VCA) update: allows reboot to be scheduled, and the VCA log may be cleared and settings changed.
4GB is the minimum amount of memory to be installed for HP Insight Control version 6 on Windows Server 2008 Enterprise Edition.
FTP is a prerequisite for installing HP Insight Control server deployment on a Windows server.
With HP Insight Control, you can run Offline Performance Analysis using HP SIM.
HP Insight Remote Support enables automatic call logging with HP Services.
Required HP Insight Rapid Deployment software components for deploying and installing additional software on an existing Windows 2008 R2 Server: DAgent, Deployment Share, Deployment Server Database.
From a Proof-of-Concept that runs a customer's testing environment; to create a report to validate the solution is sufficient to handle the workload, use the HP Insight Control performance management functionality.
Functions provided by the Managed System Setup Wizard in HP SIM: apply licenses & execute configuration steps.
HP SIM authorizations are cumulative & allow you to determine if a specific user can run tools on a managed system.
Steps to install Open SSH on a target machine using HP SIM: Click "Run Now" to start installation > Provide security credentials > Select 'Deploy Drivers, Firmware and Agents, Install OpenSSH' > Select server.
HP Insight Control 6.x software uses: http://<FQDN>:280 and https://<FQDN>:50000.
With HP Insight Remote Support, SSL is used to secure the data transfer to HP.
HP Insight Rapid Deployment software includes the server change rule "Re-Deploy Server" which facilitates "Rip and Replace" functionality.
HP SIM online analysis: possible cause of "Unknown status" error = device is not licensed.
HP SIM includes out of the box support for disk threshold performance-related monitoring.
Management protocols used by HP SIM during discovery = Web-Based Enterprise Management (WBEM) and Distributed Management Interface (DMI)
HP SIM authorizations combine privileges where a user is authorized more than once.
Managed systems use SNMP traps, HTTP events, and WBEM, to send alerts to the Central Management Server (CMS).
HP Insight Control Performance Management Pack WebUI includes graphs where you can view if there is any performance bottlenecks.
HP SIM Offline Analysis, can be used to investigate past performance issues.
Use Insight Display to provide information about multiple enclosures.
HP SIM Monitoring Administration has a maximum supported logging period of 20 years.
Features found in HP Insight Control software version 6.x: License Manager, Hypervisor Deployment, and Virtual Connect Domain Integration.
After completing a solution design using relevant sizing tools and reference documentation, to perform a proof-of-concept to validate the solution can handle customer expected workload, use the HP Insight Control performance management functionality.
HP Insight Control performance management – Average Processor Utilization% = the sum of the system load and the user load by the number of processors tbat are available in the host.

In HP Insight Control Software:
i. Configure Global Credentials under Options.
ii. Launch the Managed System Setup Wizard under Configure.
iii. Add new Insight software license keys under Deploy.
iv. Configure Power management collection and reporting under Options.

Fig. 12 HP Systems Insight Manager Menu Bar

Location for HP Insight Control HP MPIO DSMs includes:
<installation drive>:....\hpfeatures\hpdsm-xp\kit
<installation drive>:....\hpfeatures\hpdsm-eva\kit
You can update the contents as required.

HP Insight Control:
i. From Options you can set the policy to delete history entries or remove inactive computers.
ii. From PXE Configuration you can regenerate the Pre-boot Environment OS Boot Images.

Fig. 13 HP Insight Control GUI

HP Insight Remote Support Software Porfolio offering and features:
HP Insight Remote Support Standard: 1 – 50 monitored devices, hosted on a shared ProLiant server, ability to deliver proactive services (health check, availability, patch)
HP Insight Remote Support Advanced: provides warranty and contract details for all discovered HP devices, integrated into HP SIM, 50 – 1400 monitored devices, dedicated MS Windows Host (ProLiant server, HP SIM.)

HPSIM default performance thresholds:
i. Memory (Unused%) = 30%
ii. Storage% = 70%

Service Offerings

HP Critical Service Care Pack is categorized as High Availability.
Standard warranty for HP BladeSystem enclosure includes: parts & labor, and hardware diagnostic support.
HP Care Pack Selector Tool and HP Product Bulletin – can be used to identify suitable HP services for HP BladeSystem solutions.
Support Plus differs from warranties in that it includes software support.
HP c7000 and c3000 enclosure Care Packs, include Ethernet pass-thru, Ethernet interconnect, and Virtual Connect module.
Resources to identify the current warranty status of a HP BladeSystem: HP Insight Remote Support, and HP IT Resource Center (now HP Support Center.)

Datacenter Transformation portfolio services to service groups:
ITSM Assessment Services –> Data Center Optimization Services
Deployment Services –> Data Center Project Services
Software Operation Services -> Data Center Operation Services
Support Plus 24 –> Data Center Optimization Servers
Migration Services -> Data Center Project Services

Miscellaneous

Functions of the Option ROM Configuration for Arrays (ORCA):
i. Create, View, and Delete logical drive.
ii. Set boot controller.

VMware Lab Manager enables IT organization to provide self-service provisioning and management capabilities to internal teams.
The HP CloudSystem Matrix solution, enables IT organizations to provide self-service provisioning and management capabilities running both VMware vSphere and Microsoft Hyper-V platform.

HP P4000 SAN/IQ Storage Clustering provides online scalability within volumes and across pools.
P4000 Network RAID 5 offers highest capacity without loss of redundancy.
Across two P4000 NSMs, Network RAID 10 offers the highest data availability.

Use HP StorageWorks Tape CD-ROM to install required driver for the SC44Ge SAS HBA on a server running HP Data Protector Express to connect to a C-Class tape blade.
HP Data Protector Express supports NetWare, Red Hat, and Microsoft Windows.
HP Data Protector Express can backup the following databases: Microsoft Exchange and Microsoft SQL Server.
HP Data Protector Express brick level restore is not supported.
To support HP Data Protector Express Bare Metal Disaster Recovery with One Button Disaster Recovery (OBDR) requires: a license for each machine to be recovered, and server BIOS support of the OBDR option (F8).

Internet Protocol Security (IPSec) and Secure Socket Layer (SSL) network security technologies authenticate the session (not the user.)
Fabric Manager, ISL Trunking, and Fabric Watch Brocade SAN Switch softwares must be licensed and activated separately on a 4Gb SAN Switch.
Brocade SAN Switch software included in the standard software of an 8Gb SAN Switch: Access Gateway and Secure Fabric OS.

HP StorageWorks IO Accelerator true statements:
i. Write performance can be improved by formatting with a lower-than-stated capacity.
ii. The device is listed in the server BIOS Boot Controller Order setup but is not supported as a boot device
iii. It is based on NAND flash technology.

Steps for installing and configuring a HP LeftHand P4000 Virtual Storage Appliance (VSA):
i. Install and configure the Central Management Console.
ii. Upload the P4000 VSA to the vSphere 4 host.
iii. Install and configure the P4000 client on the application server.

iLO

Press F8 to access the iLO RBSU (ROM-Based Setup Utility).
iLO Advanced License is installed via the Administration tab in the ILO 2 WebUI.
iLO Advanced License for server blades is installed via Information > Insight Agent within the iLO3 GUI.
To share the remote console use iLO 2 shared remote console.
Tools to configure the IP Address on a server blade iLO port: cpqlocfg utility, EBIPA option in Onboard Administrator, and iLO web user interface.
To add a new user to all iLO cards in a fully populated c7000 enclosure, with minimum effort, use the Onboard Administrator CLI to run HPONCFG (iLO online utility) and appropriate RIBCL (Remote Insight Board Command Language) script on all server blades.
If when you attempt to access the iLO 2 remote console, you receive the message "the console is already in use", then enable Acquire Console to get access.

The iLO Remote Console can be used to initiate an orderly shutdown and startup of the operating system.

New features included in iLO 3:
i. OS single sign-on via Kerberos.
ii. Hardware-based AES encryption.
iii. New user interface.

To replay the video of a Linux Kernel panic on a ProLiant Server Blade requires:
i. The iLO Advanced License is required.
ii. Settings must be changed in the iLO web page.

Troubleshooting Action Plan

Any troubleshooting action plan includes – informing and updating the customer about your action plan.
Troubleshooting action plan: identify specific root causes for the specified mode of failure.

Guidelines when executing an action plan:
i. Execute each step completely, as agreed by your customer.
ii. Apply only one solution or change, only one variable at a time.

When executing an action plan, record the results of each step.

Troubleshooting

In a Linux environment – the top command displays processor, memory, and swap utilization.
Best practice for replacing a failed memory module in a HP BladeSystem: replace only the failed module and ensure that all spare part numbers match.
HP ProLiant Server Health Driver – will perform an orderly shutdown of the operating system if the temperature of the system exceeds the caution level.
If after a repair to a c-Class server blade, the iLO login name and password are no longer functional, then turn off the iLO Security Switch setting.
If after replacing the system board in a HP Server Blade, the system does not power up when inserted into the enclosure, check the Automatically PowerOn server option on the iLO.
After replacing a DIMM on a BL460c Series Blade, launch a SmartStart CD and run HP Insight Diagnostics Offline Edition to verify the issue is resolved.
If when adding a new server blade to an existing enclosure, the server blade will not power on even though there are no errors, this behaviour could be caused by Dynamic Power Capping.
If after replacing a memory DIMM, diagnostics still report errors on the same slot, then mark the error(s) repaired in the Integrated Management Log.
You can use the Insight Display to check if you have a configuration error after adding a mezzanine card to a server blade.
You can find information about errors that have occured during POST in the Integrated Management Log.
HP System Management Homepage provides a common interface for displaying hardware fault and status monitoring, performance data, system thresholds, diagnostics, and software version control for an individual server.
Troubleshooting actions for error 'Processor 1 Unsupported Wattage' + '1 long, 1 short audible beeps': Update the system to the latest ROM or remove the processor.
If the Insight Display remains blue after a failed power supply in a c-Class enclosure, this indicates that the Unit Identification is active.
Insight Diagnostics Utility Online Edition includes "identify drive" button, which allows an administrator to identify the specific hard drive with a blinking LED.
To test a replacement tape storage blade, run HP StorageWorks Library and Tape Tools.
"Unsupported Processor Detected," to fix update the system ROM. On a single processor systen, boot with the ROMPAQ utility to update the firmware.
The ROM-Based Setup Utility can be used to switch to the backup ROM on a server blade.

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